The Dome Of The Rock - 1999 Words

The Dome of the Rock (688-92) is a building project which demonstrates a particular way of achieving uniqueness in architecture. Architectural uniqueness can be established by introducing the same building form and materials in a slightly different way, complimenting its surrounding. Again, this uniqueness can be achieved by having a completely different building vocabulary, contrasting with its surroundings. In this context, this essay will investigate what type of architectural uniqueness the Dome of the Rock possess and how this uniqueness has been achieved through various architectural elements. Historical Background and Site Context The Dome of the Rock is located in the city of Jerusalem and stands upon the land of the main three sacred religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. To them, Jerusalem was their holy city, a place for pilgrimage and an area for devotion. The Temple Mount, or al-Haram al-Sharif is a significant part of the city. The shape of the Temple Mount is slightly trapezoidal and comprises of an array of different mosques, gates and monuments. In the center of the platform, there is another raised trapezoidal platform, which is accessed by an arcade of stairways. This platform holds up the focal point of the Temple Mount, the Dome of the Rock. This monument was built primarily to act as a shrine, sheltering a sacred rock found upon the Temple Mount. As the Umayyad’s came to build the shrine on top of the Temple Mount, they wereShow MoreRelatedThe Dome Of The Rock1278 Words   |  6 Pagesbeautiful gilt dome decorating the skyline of Jerusalem, the Dome of the Rock is the oldest and most famous Islamic building on the Temple Mount. As a religious space with kinetic and interrelated characteristics, it not only functions as a Muslim shrine, but also exhibits significance based on its history and relative location to the J ewish Temple and Christian churches. Built on the site of Solomon’s Temple and decorated with mosaics symbolizing the Paradise and Jewish royalty, the Dome reveals theRead MoreThe Dome Of The Rock1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Prophet Muhammad to Heaven started from Jerusalem, from al-Sakhra known now as Qubbat al-Sakhra (the Dome of the Rock)† (El-Khatib 2001:34). The Dome of the Rock is still present and can be visited today on the Temple Mount within Jerusalem. Similar to the ascension of Prophet Muhammad, the Christians believe that Jerusalem is the location of Jesus’ resurrection from death. The Dome of the Rock bears great significance to the Islamic people, but the question remains: Why exactly was it built onRead MoreThe Dome Of The Rock2572 Words   |  11 Pages the Dome of the Rock has received the honor of being recognized as â€Å"Jerusalem’s most recognizable landmark†, with its octagonal structure and the conspicuous gold-plated roof . Also seen as one of the oldest extant Islamic architectural work, the Dome was originally built to show the Christians that Islam could also have a great monument to rival the Dome of the Anastasis and thus the Muslims would not be dazzled by Christian churches and dome. (Armstrong 1997: 237). If we examine the Dome separatelyRead MoreThe Dome Of The Rock1959 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dome of the Rock Jerusalem is the holy city that hosts an array of religious artifacts and buildings that are rooted in different religions that span centuries. From the Wailing Wall to the Second Temple, Jerusalem exists as a testament to ancient religions and their cultures. But one particular architectural masterpiece rises above all of them. The Dome of the Rock or Qubbat as-Sakhrah rises above Jerusalem, its golden peak reflecting the desert sun, a beacon of ancient history. It can be seenRead MoreThe Dome Of The Rock And Alhambra Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pages The two Islamic structures are the Dome of the rock and alhambra. It is likely that both structures were built for the same purpose. The Dome of the Rock has no distinct known purpose that modern investigators have discovered but it was likely to have been built with the purpose of impressing the region with the power and the emergence of Islamic control. alhambra was built as a palace complex to house the leaders of Granada and into likely establish the dynasty of the Nasrid. Although built toRead MoreDome of the Rock and Santa Costanza950 Words   |  4 Pagespeople of that time and they have faced great resistance. Early Islamic art and early Christian art both are historically important as both are similar in some ways. The most earliest architecture and first such structure from the Muslims is the Dome of the Rock located in Jerusalem. When the Muslims conquered the city of Jerusalem in they needed a place (Mosque) to worship and offer their prayers in congregation. At the s ame time they also wanted to build a monument that would show the success of MuslimsRead MoreEssay about The Dome of the Rock2341 Words   |  10 Pagesunchanged for more than thirteen centuries, the Dome of the Rock remains one of the worlds most beautiful and enduring architectural treasures. Adorned with its magnificent gold dome and elaborate quranic inscriptions, the structure intimately represents the worlds second largest religion in a city historically associated with the three Semitic faiths. Representation, however, is not the only effect of this site. Despite its intended purpose, the Dome of the Rock inherently stands as the focal center ofRead MoreReligious Significance The Pantheon And The Dome Of The Rock1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Religious Significance the Pantheon and the Dome of the Rock Convey Architecture comes with many significant meanings, including religious significance. The Pantheon, built from 118 to 125 CE in Rome, Italy, was a temple made to worship the Roman gods and goddesses. This temple is one of the most important buildings both in history and architecture, influencing many other monuments with its form, such as The Dome of the Rock. The Dome of the Rock, built from 687 to 692 CE, was the first greatRead MoreHagia Sophia vs Dome of the Rock984 Words   |  4 Pagesa bridge between the real world and the divine world, and mirror religious views of people and the major beliefs of the society. Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock are two of the greatest and the most important architectural monuments in the world. Even though two of the most historical mosques, Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock, are built for different religions, but due to a sharing purpose, which being praying to God, the difference can barely be noticed. By sharing a purposeRead MoreCompare and Contrast St. Sernin to Dome of the Rock754 Words   |  4 Pagessites, the Dome of the Rock. I will be comparing what similarities and what differences these two great buildings have to one another. Let’s start with the differences, since these two buildings will probably have a lot. With the Basilica of St. Sernin we find that the floor plan is made to resemble a cross, where the Dome of the Rock has an octagon shaped outer wall. The entrance of the Basilica of St. Sernin has two arched entrances which are sunken in where in the Dome of the Rock the entrances

Petroleum Is A Non Renewable Source Of Energy - 1526 Words

Our modern society relies on cars as its main form of transportation, but the Earth’s supplies of petrol are becoming increasingly limited. There are concerns about the greenhouse gases and other gaseous contaminants emitted by cars. This has created a search for environmentally friendly alternatives. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that was formed by ancient marine organisms and decomposing trees. It is a complex mixture of organic liquids called crude oils and natural gases; petrol occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. (National Geographic Society, 1996) The crude oils and natural gases are extracted by giant drilling machines. Petrol, like coal is a non-renewable source of energy. Non-renewable energy can’t be re-generated within a short span of time and isn’t environmentally friendly as when it is burnt it emits greenhouse gases. The crude oils and natural gases have taken millions of years to form and when it is extracted and used there is no way to replace it. When petrol is burned, it releases toxic gases and high amounts of carbon dioxide. Carbon helps regulate the Earth’s atmospheric temperature, but burning fossil fuels affect our climate and cause global warming. Ethanol is now used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form as a replacement for petrol, where it is blended with petrol to improve the vehicles emissions and power. The substitution of ethanol for petrol in cars and light vehicles in Brazil is one of the largest commercialShow MoreRelatedDepletion of Non Renewable Resources of Energy1422 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A  non-renewable resource  is a  natural resource  which cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale which can  sustain  its consumption rate, once depleted there is no more available for future needs. Also considered non-renewable are resources that are consumed much faster than nature can create them.  Fossil fuels  (such as  coal,  petroleum, and  natural gas), types of nuclear power (uranium) and certain  aquifers  are examples. Natural resources such as  coal,  petroleum,  oil  and  naturalRead MoreExploring Alternative Energy Sources Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesdeveloping world, vast amounts of energy resources are being utilized at an alarming rate, one which can certainly result in the extinction of our valuable natural resources. Moreover, majority of the energy resources utilized today are non-renewable natural resources like the petroleum products which account for nearly eighty percent of all the energy resources used. Thus, exploring alternative forms of energy so as to decrease our dependency on non-renewable forms of energy and consequently save the environmentRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Increasing Demand For Renewable Energy1690 Words   |  7 Pages Renewable Energy Wind, Water, Sun: Energy for the long run Prepared by Mashfik Shamir Midterm Proposal BUS 160W – An Introduction to Business Writing Queens College August 1, 2013 Professor Denise L. Miller Mashfik Shamir 8531 129 Street Richmond Hill, NY 11418 August 1, 2013 Prof. Denise Miller CUNY Queens College 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing, NY 11367 Dear Prof. Miller: I am submitting this proposal to provide some information on the long term effects of increasing demand forRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1240 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to provide us energy. Almost everything we use nowadays consumes power in some form, and in tandem we rely on energy. Fossil fuels have become the go to resource for providing power. Fossil fuels include natural resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These fossil fuels fall under the non-renewable category because they take thousands of years in order to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Another non-renewable energy source is nuclear fuel, whichRead MoreThe World A More Eco Friendly Environment Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, we consume more energy from oil than from any other energy source. In 2014 the total amount of petroleum consumed in the United States was about 19 million barrels per day. As we look into making the wo rld a more eco friendly environment, I ask the question; what are some alternatives of oil and the effects of the alternative. We need oil because it burns to produce energy. We use it to run a vehicle, to heat a building, and to produce electric power in a generator. My familyRead MoreNon-Renewable Energy Resources1458 Words   |  6 PagesNon-Renewable Energy Resources This Project will be in two Parts. The first part is about Non-renewable energy. Non-renewable energy is a resource that will some day we will run out of. Non-renewable energy is a resource that will some day we will run out of. The second part is on Renewable energy. Renewable energy is a resource that we will never run out of because it is continually being replaced. The sun is the source of all our energy resources. The suns energy reaches Earth andRead MoreEnergy Conservation Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of energy is one that is seen in the news more and more as each day passes. As most Americans can tell you these days, energy is essential for industrial and technological development in this or any other country. However, some believe that certain traditional methods of producing energy, such as burning fossil fuels, are depleting the earth’s limited supply of natural resources and may also be harmful to the environment. They encourage the use of renewable sources of power, such as windRead MoreRenewable And Non Renewable Sources Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesSimply put, energy is â€Å"a driving force behind all socio-economic activities† (Wesseh, Lin, 2016). Therefore energy is highly demanded and various sources must be used in order to meet the market’s needs. Within energy, there are two categories of sources: renewable and non-renewable. Renewable sources being natur ally replenishable in the short term and non-renewable sources being exhaustible (Wesseh, Lin, 2016). Non-renewable energy sources include mainly fossil fuels and renewable energy resourcesRead MoreEnergy Is The Primary Reason904 Words   |  4 PagesEnergy is the primary reason because of which we have been able to enjoy far better standards of living than what we used to enjoy just a century ago. It has enabled the industrial revolution, agricultural revolution and manifold increase in speed of communication. All of this combined leads to improvements in living standard that is within reach of mankind. But this energy is not without any cost, it entails with it associated costs to our air, water and land along with changing climate (signifiedRead MoreEnergy Sector Of Sri Lanka1449 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Energy is one of the major inputs of an economy. It directly affects development of human beings and society. Therefore, safeguarding a cheap and stable supply of energy is one of the main objectives of any country. However, increasing world population, high global energy consumption and depletion of global resources has challenged this objective resulting energy as one of the main concerns today’s world. Accordingly, this report focuses on analysing various issues faced by different

Skiing Essay Free Essays

A Day On The Slopes It’s not just for the wealthy anymore! Skiing has been getting more popular recently. People have the free time and money to go skiing more than ever. This is a downfall for somebody who has never skied and wants to be a part of the fun. We will write a custom essay sample on Skiing Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a series of simple steps to complete before one can achieve their best at skiing. From proper attire, to the way you carve down the mountain, it boils down to a few critical steps. If these steps are completed there is nothing holding anybody back from being a successful skier. Lets start off with the basics; I always start by packing pajamas so I have a warm base layer. Then a long T-shirt, followed by a warm pair of socks to keep those toes warm. Socks might be the most crucial part since they will be buckled into ski boots the entire day. Next comes a jacket, ski pants, goggles and a preferably a helmet. If it is windy out, or if you are sensitive to cold air then think about wearing a ski mask to keep the facial area warm. This should cover the basic attire for a day on the slopes. Once you have all your gear set, its time to pick a trail. Now, there are four main types of trails; green circle, blue square, black diamond and then double black diamond. The green circle is the easiest trail and is recommended for beginners, but if a skier is feeling confident they should take their skills onto the blue squares on the mountain. These blue square trails will challenge a first time skier and push them to their full potential. There are a few types of specialty trails that beginners might want to watch out for. Trails called â€Å"glades† are narrow paths in the woods. These trails are made for experienced skiers, and this is where you can find some of the best conditions on a mountain. The next kind of trail to watch for is a terrain park. These trails are made famous for their massive ski jumps and handrails for skiers to â€Å"grind† on. For skiers wanting that extra excitement out of their trip might want to consider the terrain park. Now that the trail has been chosen, the subsequent step is to get down the mountain. When descending, keep two things in mind at all times, pizza and French fries. One might find this out of context but it has substantial effect on your speed and safety going down the mountain. Pizza refers to the shape that skis make when in the â€Å"slowing down position. † The tips of the skis will configure to make a triangle, a pizza slice like shape. This position is the safest way for a new skier to slow down. French fry denotes when skis are parallel. This style can be used when on a straightaway or when in full control. Be carful when utilizing the â€Å"French fry,† because speed can get the best of a skier in this position. Skiing is a peaceful activity, and when done correctly can be the best time of somebody’s life. One must consider a basic checklist of supplies to bring on a ski trip so they can make the most out of their experience. Knowing the trails is also crucial; nothing is better than being prepared. It takes some time to get passed the French fry and pizza phase of skiing, but beginners will catch on quickly if practiced with discipline. If all of these steps are correctly completed a new skier will be having a very memorable understanding of the ski slopes. How to cite Skiing Essay, Essays

PayWave Technology Radio Frequency Identification

Question: Discuss about the PayWave Technology for Radio Frequency Identification. Answer: Introduction PayWave technology is a mode of payment that allows customers pay using their enabled card or mobile device(s) at the point of sale terminal by simply waving their card or mobile device in front of a secure reader at the checkout. It is an alternative to swiping or handing your card over to a cashier. PayWave uses contactless technology where someone with a card only has to wave their card in front of a card reader, and the PayWave terminal reads and processes the transaction. PayWave cards may use RFD (radio-frequency identification) or NFC (near field communication) (Blecker, 2008). PayWave payments are made in close physical propinquity to the readers at the point of sale terminals. A near field communication chip together with a radio antenna embedded into the card transmits the customers information to the point of sale terminal permitting contactless payment. Business Operation Oz Supermarket has employed PayWave technology in their retail outlet and used this technology in receiving payments for the goods they sell. Oz Supermarket entirely uses PayWave technology. Those customers who would like to make purchases at their outlet have to have a PayWave card. Those who dont have the card have to make a temporary cash deposit at the front desk and be issued with a store-issued PayWave card. The PayWave technology is aided by a special radio-frequency identifier reader installed on trolleys to enable automatic queuing for payment and also automatic removal from the queue those items removed from the carts by the customers as they pick their items. Carrying out transactions using PayWave technology is fast. The client does not need a PIN when making purchases. Payment and account information is transmitted wirelessly as long as the payment device is in proximity to the reader (Lerner, 2013). The contactless card has a secure integrated circuit generated from energy transferred from the reader by producing a radio frequency field that induces an electric current in the integrated circuits antenna. This makes it possible for the information contained in the cards to be passed very fast to the card readers. PayWave technology is also secure. The cards make use of cryptography and secure network processing. The cards have a private key and certificate used to sign transactions and is never transmitted therefore it cannot be accessed. The contactless transactions generate a unique code based on its secret key for each transaction (Zheng, 2016). This makes it possible for the card users to track their spending history. The terminals at the point of sale terminals also verify the cards digital signature over the transaction data improving the security of the card in addition to the several layers of security which have been put in place to protect the card. Customers who use PayWave cards benefit from zero liability. The customers are protected against unauthorised transactions or fraud with a one hundred percent reimbursement. This is especially true for clients issued with a card and does not apply to certain card transactions. One must inform their financial institution without delay of any unauthorised use. In the case of loss or defacement of the card, the user of the card has the duty to inform the institution that issued the card so that the appropriate action can be taken. Some of the institutions also provide protection for online transactions, domestic transactions, in-store transactions, phone operations and oversea transactions. PayWave technology is convenient. Clienteles making purchases using their card do not need signatures or PINS to make purchases. All they need to do is pass their cards in proximity to the card readers found at the point of sale terminals. Once a customer waves their card in front of the card readers, the necessary deductions according to the purchases made are charged on the card. PayWave technology is also easy to use. The customer using a card does not need to swipe their card either do they need to give their card to an attendant at the point of sale terminal. As long as the user of the card is within a range of about two inches and can swipe the card near the card reader, they can make acquisitions at the store. Recommendations Oz Supermarket should consider other payment options to increase diversity and flexibility in payment for the goods bought. They can also include credit cards, VISA cards, Master cards and mobile payments like Apple Pay, Android Pay and Samsung Pay (Hu et.al, 2005). This will enable those customers without a PayWave card to also buy from the store with what they have. This will be convenient for them since they will not have to go through the process of acquiring a store-issued PayWave card. This will save on time. It will also encourage those without PayWave card which is a must have for one to buy goods at the outlet to stop shying away from the outlet. The store should look for a way to take care of the overheads incurred by the store-issued cards. This can be done by sharing the costs with the customers to reduce the charges incurred by the retail outlet as a result of extra charges arising from the radio frequency identification chips. The customers should be informed of this to improve the transparency of services. The store should have a centralised place to do bagging. The place where this is done should have enough attendants to aid customers to pack the goods they have purchased. This is especially necessary where the client has purchased several items. It may be inconvenient for the customers to bag the goods they have bought. This may be true in case the person has a disability. This can discourage customers from making further subsequent visits to the place. The retail outlet should implement a system that can show promptly those cards that do not have sufficient funds to pay for the items put in the shopping trolleys. The radio frequency identification on the trolleys should be linked to the card readers at the point of sale terminals. This linking will show the clients promptly if they have funds in their cards that will be able to pay for the goods they have picked or not long before they reach the point of sale terminals to make their payments. The trolleys can be fitted with light emitting diodes that produce the required light according to the situation i.e. they may decide to use a green light to show that the purchaser has enough funds and maybe yellow light to warn the customer that they do not have adequate resources. This will save on time as the customers will be able to remove goods in advance without having to do this at the point of sale terminal after the card reader beeps. Oz Supermarket should have employees on standby to help their customers in case they run into problems. There should be staff to assist those who may need assistance. These officials may have technical skills that may enable them to handle special functionalities like failed RFID chips on the trolleys, failed card readers at the point of sale terminals. There should also be employees to assist the buyers in identifying the shelves with the goods they need. The store should implement the right security measures to ensure that their system and customers are safe from fraudsters. Oz Supermarket can employ cryptography over their network encompassing their point of sale terminals, CCVTVs and RFID chips found in their trolleys. They should also use a relational database that is up to date and automatically update according to the activities carried out in their system. The files in the database should be encrypted. Physical security of CCTV cameras should be considered to ensure that there is no breach in the safety of the enterprise (Kruegle, 2007). Security and access controls should also be implemented to ensure all users are sufficiently protected (Damjanovski, 2005). The retail outlet should also have a backup system. The backup system can be on standby and could come in in case there are any problems with the system. The backup will come in handy where a need to restore lost functionalities within the system becomes necessary. The management of Oz Supermarket may decide to implement full backup, incremental backup, differential backup or virtual full backup according to their needs. A full backup will enable them to copy all files and store them according to their schedule. Incremental backup will be done in a continuous manner as needed. A differential backup is necessary where the persons involved would only like to preserve the data that has changed since the last full backup. Virtual full backup is done automatically by backup software according to specifications. Conclusion Oz Supermarket is a retail outlet that has implemented modern technology in their system to aid in payment of goods at their store. These measures are positive and in my opinion, have impacted positively on the activities of the retail store. With other improvements like the introduction of other payment platforms like mobile payments the services offered will be better. Customer experience may also improve if these improvements are made making the outlet have a competitive edge against other players in the market (Hennig-Thurau, 2000). References Blecker, T., Huang, G. Q., Bajic, E. (2008). RFID in operations and supply chain management: Research and applications. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag. CARDIS (Conference), Grimaud, G., Standaert, F.-X. (2008). Smart card research and advanced applications: 8th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference, CARDIS 2008, London, UK, September 8-11, 2008 ; proceedings. Berlin: Springer. Damjanovski, V. (2005). CCTV: Networking and digital technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. Hennig-Thurau, T. (2000). Relationship marketing: Gaining competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and customer retention : with 24 tables. Berlin [u.a.: Springer. Hu, W. C., Lee, C.-W., Kou, W. (2005). Advances in security and payment methods for mobile commerce. Hershey, PA: Idea Group. Kruegle, H. (2007). CCTV surveillance: Analog and digital video practices and technology. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Lerner, T. (2013). Mobile Payment. (Mobile payment.) Wiesbaden: Imprint: Springer Vieweg. Preston, W. C. (2007). Backup and recovery. Beijing: O'Reilly. Shelly, G. B., Vermaat, M. (2008). Discovering computers 2009: Brief. Australia: Course Technology. Shooman, M. L. (2002). Reliability of computer systems and networks: Fault tolerance, analysis and design. New York: Wiley-Interscience. Swift, R. S. (2001). Accelerating customer relationships: Using CRM and relationship technologies. Upper Saddle River, N.J. [u.a.: Prentice Hall PTR. Tschauner, L. (2012). Rule of Thumb: A Guide to small business customer service and relationships. Omaha, Nebr: WriteLife. Zheng, F., Kaiser, T. (2016). Digital signal processing for RFID.